Filling the Leukopak Gap

The global cell therapy market is projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.5% from 2021 through 2028. This growth is attributed to a rising number of clinical studies for cell-based therapies.¹ An integral component in the development of cellular therapies is the provision of starting biomaterials from human donors for research. Leukopaks are an industry-standard starting material valued for their high concentration of T cells, monocytes, B cells, NK cells and granulocytes. These components are integral in cell therapy research and the development of new therapeutics, as these cells provide useful insight into various mechanisms of the immune system.

The global leukapheresis products market sub-segment is itself expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.4% to $91million per year by 2026.² However, potential limiting factors to this anticipated growth in the market arethe numerous regulatory and logistics considerations involved with leukapheresis, including the high cost of leukapheresis and cellular therapies, stringent donor recruitment criteria, and long procedural time forleukapheresis.²

The leukapheresis procedure is a modified apheresis (dual needle)collection involving the removal of a healthy contributor’s whole blood and separation of white blood cells. Inherent in the procedure are increased risks to the donor related to the extended procedure duration, larger blood volume processed, and, in the case ofmobilized donations, inclusion of the G-CSF administration process.³

Identifying, recruiting, screening and managing white blood cell contributors is a multi-faceted process that is integral to collecting Leukopak products to satisfy the needs of researchers around the world. An organization with demonstrated experience inA Blood Center’s Unique Position Enabling Cellular Therapy Researchblood product collection and donor management is an ideal partner in mitigating these challenges and the increased risks that come with leukapheresis. Maintaining a healthy, engaged contributor bank with diverse characteristics, in tandem with navigating the highly regulated Leukopak collection environment, requires an organization with deep expertise in transfusion medicine and blood collection.

Due to this confluence of factors, blood centers are uniquely positioned to provide leukopaks for clinical research. The provision of biomaterials is an undeniably critical component for clinical research. Access toa diverse, well-characterized, recallable contributor base enables research to proceed without undue delay related to recruiting, identifying, screening and drawing new contributors. In a process with innumerable variables, a contributor bank operating under an IRB-approved protocol helps mitigate risk in early-stage trials by adhering to stringent contributor recruitment criteria, ensuring a safe procedure for the donor, and timely provision of products for researchers.

As a leading blood provider with 75 years of experience serving local communities through the provision of blood products for transfusion, Versiti performs over 115,000 apheresis procedures annually. In 2020, Versiti added the provision of leukopak products to support emerging cellular therapy research to its comprehensive suite of services. Our established leukopak contributor bank operates under an IRB-governed protocol,ensuring both the contributor experience and resulting blood products meet strict quality and regulatory standards. To ensure product quality, Versiti provides a certificate of analysis and independent review with every product, ensuring that each collected leukopak meets strict quality standards and study requirements.

In addition to seasoned donor recruitment and management capabilities, Versiti further offers in-housecharacterization and infectious disease testing of our leukopak products. With our foundation as regionalblood centers, HLA typing for bone marrow transplant, routine ABO characterization, and FDA-mandatedinfectious disease screening are cornerstones of Versiti’s services. These vertically integrated services removelogistical considerations tied to shipping and testing products that other biomaterial providers must outsourceto other laboratories.

All of Versiti’s leukopak products receive high-resolution HLA by NGS characterization, ABO typing andinfectious disease testing, including CMV, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, HIV and West Nile virus.

Additional infectious disease testing or characterized leukopaks may be available upon request to meet specific study requirements. High-level characterization of the donor bank helps to ensure diversity in white blood cell contributors, and the ABO Rh breakdown of our contributor bank largely reflects the national population, ensuring a wide array of contributors are available to meet the need of any given research study.Versiti’s contributor bank also hosts a broad array of races, ethnicities and ages.

Demand for HLA-typed cells can be attributed to market growth in preclinical studies related to personalized cellular therapies and immunotherapy development.^{5, 6} Versiti has a 30-year history of performing HLA typing and supports more than 800 bone marrow transplants annually through our transplant services. Through this infrastructure, we perform HLA characterization by next generation sequencing (NGS) on 100% of our white cell donors. Typing includes HLA class I - A, B, C and class II - DRB1/3/4/5, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1. With this combination of capabilities and streamlined services, Versiti is an ideal partner for starting biomaterial services.

There are many elements to consider in the processof collecting leukopak for the cellular therapy market.Significant quality and regulatory considerations forthe collection and sale of leukopak are designed toensure a compliant contributor base and collectionprocedure, and ultimately yield high-quality whitecell products. Maintaining a diverse contributor baseenables studies to categorize and access specificproduct types to meet their unique needs. Whenexecuted seamlessly, a well-characterized, diverseand engaged bank is the greatest asset in provisionof biomaterials for clinical research. Versiti’s 75+year history of blood product collection and donormanagement uniquely positions us to help bridge thisemerging gap in the cell therapies market – ultimatelyenabling the translation of research into lifesavingcellular therapy solutions and treatments.

1. Cell therapy market size analysis report, 2021-2028.Cell Therapy Market Size Analysis Report, 2021-2028.https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/cell-therapy-market. Published March 2021. AccessedMarch 18, 2022.
2. Leukapheresis market by product, Leukopak,indication, application, end-user - globalforecast to 2026. GlobeNewswire News Room.https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/04/14/2209875/28124/en/Leukapheresis-Market-by-Product-Leukopak-Indication-Application-End-user-Global-Forecast-to-2026.html. Published April14, 2021. Accessed March 18, 2022.
3. Stenzinger M, Bonig H. Risks of leukapheresis and howto manage them-A non-systematic review. TransfusApher Sci. 2018 Oct;57(5):628-634. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.09.008. Epub 2018 Sep 15. PMID:30287071.
4. Elflein J. Blood type distribution U.S. 2021. Statista.https://www.statista.com/statistics/1112664/blood-type-distribution-us/. Published February 22, 2021.Accessed March 18, 2022.
5. Cancer Control 2015 Jan;22(1):79-86. Using HLAtyping to support patients with cancer. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/107327481502200110
6. Hurley CK, Kempenich J, Wadsworth K, et al. Common,intermediate and well-documented HLA alleles in worldpopulations: CIWD version 3.0.0. HLA. 2020;95(6):516-531. doi:10.1111/tan.13811